Entalpía de combustión
Es la variación del contenido calórico que se produce con la combinación de 1 mol de una sustancia con el oxígeno a 1 atmósfera de presión y 25ºC de temperatura. Ejemplo:
C2H5OH (l) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l) ΔHc= -1367,3 KJ
Entalpía de disociación
Es la variación del contenido calórico que tiene lugar al separar los iones constituyentes de 1 mol de una sustancia química a 1 atmósfera de presión y 25ºC de temperatura. Ejemplo:
NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH– ΔHd= -1059 KJ
Entalpía de neutralización
Se le denomina a la variación en el contenido de energía calórica que se lleva a cabo por cada mol de agua formada a partir de la neutralización de un ácido con una base. Ejemplo:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O ΔHn= -55,5 KJ
Entalpía de formación
Consiste en la variación en el contenido calórico que se lleva a cabo por la formación de 1 mol de una sustancia a partir de sus elementos constituyentes en su forma natural a la temperatura de 25ºC y 1 atmósfera de presión. Ejemplo:
C (s) + 2 H2 (g) → CH4 (g) ΔHf = -75,2 KJ
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) ΔHf = -286,9 KJ
Na (s) + ½ Cl2 (g) → NaCl (s) ΔHf = -411,0 KJ
FUENTE
Rodríguez, María del Pilar. (2006). Química 1. (Segunda edición., pág. 173). Fundación Editorial Salesiana.
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