Los óxidos son compuestos inorgánicos formados por la combinación del oxígeno con algún otro elemento. Estos pueden presentarse en los tres estados de la materia: sólido, líquido y gaseoso. Son compuestos que se hallan de forma abundante en la corteza terrestre, como por ejemplo: el monóxido de nitrógeno, dióxido de nitrógeno, dióxido de carbono, entre otros.
Clasificación de los óxidos
Según su comportamiento químico:
Óxido básico. También llamados óxidos metálicos, son aquellos que surgen de la combinación de un metal con el oxígeno. Por ejemplo: Na2O
Óxido ácido. También llamados óxidos no metálicos, son aquellos que surgen de la combinación de un no metal con el oxígeno. Por ejemplo: Cl2O3
Óxido anfótero. Son aquellos óxidos formados por la combinación de un elemento anfótero y el oxígeno. Los elementos anfóteros son aquellos que actúan como ácidos y como bases. Algunos metales y metaloides poseen esta característica formando óxidos anfóteros como por ejemplo: zinc, plomo, aluminio, berilio y estaño. Por ejemplo: Al2O3
Según la estequiometria del óxido:
Óxidos binarios. Son aquellos que están compuestos por oxígeno y otro elemento. Es decir, todos los que se nombraron anteriormente.
Óxidos mixtos. Son aquellos que están constituidos por dos elementos distintos y oxígeno como por ejemplo el MgAl2O4, que es un mineral cuyo nombre es espinela.
Usos de algunos óxidos
El dióxido de carbono se utiliza en las bebidas gaseosas. También se emplean como agente extintor, en medicina para tratamientos estéticos y en el tratamiento de heridas craneales.
El óxido de zinc se emplea en la preparación de cremas cosméticas, protector solar, en la elaboración de maquillaje, jabones. talco, entre otros.
El óxido de cromo es utilizado como colorante, en la preparación de pinturas, tintes, entre otros.
El dióxido de titanio se emplean en la fabricación de pinturas, plásticos, papel, tintas de impresión, cosméticos, productos textiles, farmacéuticos y alimentarios.
Nomenclatura para óxidos
Los óxidos tendrán diferentes nombres según la nomenclatura con la cual se esté trabajando. A continuación veremos cómo se nombran los óxidos según la nomenclatura Sistemática IUPAC, la nomenclatura stock y la tradicional.
Nomenclatura Sistemática IUPAC
Nomenclatura sistemática (anterior al libro rojo de la IUPAC del 2005) Recomendaciones de 1990
Los óxidos se nombran utilizando prefijos griegos que indican el número de átomos que presenta los elementos; y estos se colocan antes del nombre genérico y el nombre específico, de la siguiente manera:
prefijo + nombre genérico+ de + prefijo + nombre específico
En este caso el nombre genérico será la palabra óxido y el nombre específico es el nombre del elemento que acompaña al oxígeno, quedando la fórmula general:
prefijo + óxido + de + prefijo + nombre del elemento
*Importante* En el Libro Rojo (p. 71) se puede leer:
“El prefijo “mono” es, hablando estrictamente, superfluo y se necesita solamente para enfatizar la estequiometría cuando se comentan sustancias relacionadas por la composición”.
Aclarando lo anterior se indica que el NO puede ser nombrado como óxido de nitrógeno, pero también como monóxido de nitrógeno ya que hay varios óxidos de nitrógeno más (sustancias relacionadas por la composición). Siguiendo este razonamiento el CO puede nombrarse como monóxido de carbono o como óxido de carbono, el FeO como monóxido de hierro o como óxido de hierro, pero el Na2O se nombraría como óxido de disodio, no monóxido de disodio
Por ejemplo:
Fe2O3 Trióxido de dihierro
Br2O5 Pentaóxido de dibromo
Nomenclatura sistemática ( libro rojo de la IUPAC del 2005)
En el Libro Rojo de las recomendaciones de 2005 de la IUPAC se puede leer (IR-1.6.3):
En la nomenclatura de Química Inorgánica, IUPAC Recomendaciones de 1990 (Ref. 11), la posición del oxígeno en ciertas secuencias de elementos fue tratada como una excepción. Estas excepciones han sido eliminadas y la secuencia de elementos de la Tabla VI es ahora estrictamente respetada. En particular, el oxígeno es tratado como el componente electropositivo con respecto a cualquier halógeno para la construcción de los nombres según el sistema en el que se indica la composición (sección IR-5.2) y las fórmulas correspondientes (Sección de IR-4.4.3) para los compuestos binarios. Esto se traduce en, por ejemplo, la fórmula OCl2 y el nombre cloruro de dioxígeno en lugar de la fórmula ClO2 y el nombre dióxido de cloro.”
La unión del oxígeno con los halógenos (F, Cl, Br, I) es una novedad importante. Ahora el oxígeno debe estar escrito en primer lugar y ser nombrado en segundo; y el halógeno debe estar escrito en segundo lugar y ser nombrado en primero. Estas sustancias serán ahora fluoruros, cloruros, bromuros o yoduros de oxígeno. Las reglas para asignar los números de oxidación no han sido modificadas, así que para una sustancia de fórmula OCl2 y nombre dicloruro de oxígeno (antes escrita Cl2O y nombre óxido de dicloro) siguen siendo (I) para el cloro y (-II) para el oxígeno.
Debido a que se han nombrado como óxidos durante mucho tiempo, se seguirán encontrando de ese modo, hasta que se vaya imponiendo la nueva recomendación.
Por ejemplo:
O7Br2 dibromuro de heptaoxígeno
Nomenclatura IUPAC de Composición: Valor de carga iónica
Se nombra bastante similar a la nomeclatura Stock, salvo que el estado de oxidación se coloca en números arábigos y con su signo (ya sea positivo o negativo). Por ejemplo:
Ni2O3 Óxido de níquel (3+)
Nomenclatura Stock
Los óxidos se nombran colocando al inicio, la palabra óxido luego el nombre del de metal o no metal, seguidamente el estado de oxidación del elemento, en número romanos, entre paréntesis.
Óxido + de + nombre del elemento (Estado de oxidación en números romanos)
Por ejemplo:
Au2O3 óxido de oro (III)
CO óxido de carbono (II)
Nomenclatura Tradicional
En este sistema los óxidos no metálicos son llamados anhídridos. Las reglas generales son las siguientes:
- Cuando el elemento solo tiene una valencia, simplemente se coloca el nombre del elemento precedido de la sílaba “de” o bien se termina el nombre del elemento con el sufijo –ico.
Por ejemplo:
CaO óxido de calcio / óxido cálcico
- Cuando el elemento tiene dos valencias diferentes se usan los sufijos -oso e -ico.
Por ejemplo: El hierro tiene dos valencias: 2 y 3. Para la valencia menor se coloca el sufijo oso y para la valencia mayor el sufijo ico.
Fe2O2 = FeO óxido ferroso
Fe2O3 óxido férrico
- Cuando el elemento tiene tres distintas valencias se usan los prefijos y sufijos: hipo-oso, oso, ico.
Por ejemplo:
El titanio presenta tres valencias: 2,3,4. Para la valencia menor se usa hipo-oso, para la valencia intermedia se utiliza el sufijo oso y para la valencia mayor se emplea ico.
TiO óxido hipotitanioso
Ti2O3 óxido titanioso
Ti2O4 = TiO2 óxido titánico
- Cuando el elemento posee cuatro valencias diferentes se usan los prefijos y sufijos
hipo-oso (para la valencia más pequeña)
-oso (para la valencia pequeña)
-ico (para la valencia grande)
per-ico (para la valencia más grande)
Por ejemplo:
El yodo presenta 4 valencias diferentes: 1,3,5,7.
I2O Anhídrido hipoyodoso
I2O3 Anhídrido yodoso
I2O5 Anhídrido yódico
I2O7 Anhídrido peryódico
- Si un elemento presenta 5 o más valencias diferentes, la última valencia sigue la nomenclatura Stock.
Formulación
Óxido de mercurio (II): Se coloca primero el elemento mercurio que es el catión y luego el anión que es el oxígeno. Luego se intercambian los estados de oxidación. El oxígeno es -2 y el mercurio está trabajando con el estado de oxidación +2 como se aprecia dentro del paréntesis, quedando: Hg2O2 simplificando queda: HgO
Anhídrido perclórico. El cloro trabaja con 4 estados de oxidación diferente: 1,3,5,7. el nombre me indica que está trabajando con el estado de oxidación mayor (+7), ya que posee el prefijo per y el sufijo ico, quedando: O7Cl2 ( según las recomendaciones del libro rojo de la IUPAC, 2005)
Dióxido de plomo: El prefijo di significa que hay 2 átomos de oxígeno, quedando: PbO2
FUENTE:
RSEQ: Real Sociedad Española de Química: Resumen de las normas IUPAC 2005 de nomenclatura de química inorgánica para su uso en enseñanza secundaria y recomendaciones didácticas.
Unión Internacional de Química Pura y Aplicada: Nomenclatura de Química Inorgánica. Recomendaciones de 2005
Excelente
Appreciation to my father who told me regarding
this web site, this weblog is truly remarkable.
It’s remarkable to visit this site and reading the views of
all friends concerning this paragraph, while I am also
keen of getting experience.
This article will help the internet people for creating new weblog
or even a weblog from start to end.
It’s actually a nice and helpful piece of info. I am happy that you
simply shared this useful information with us. Please keep us informed like this.
Thank you for sharing.
It’s awesome to pay a quick visit this web site and reading the
views of all colleagues about this post, while I am also zealous of getting
knowledge.
Hi, yup this post is in fact good and I have learned lot of things from
it regarding blogging. thanks.
Hi there Dear, are you actually visiting this website regularly, if so then you will absolutely obtain fastidious know-how.
Hey there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with
us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and
will be tweeting this to my followers! Superb blog and terrific
style and design.
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I get
in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your feeds and even I achievement you access consistently rapidly.
Whats up this is kinda of off topic but I was wanting
to know if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with
HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get
guidance from someone with experience. Any help
would be enormously appreciated!
fantastic put up, very informative. I ponder why the other
specialists of this sector do not notice this. You must proceed your writing.
I’m sure, you have a great readers’ base already!
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
The sketch is tasteful, your authored material stylish.
nonetheless, you command get bought an impatience over that you wish
be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again as exactly the same nearly very often inside case
you shield this hike.
I really like what you guys are up too. This kind of clever work and exposure!
Keep up the very good works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to blogroll.
Usually I don’t learn post on blogs, however I wish
to say that this write-up very pressured me to check out and do
it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, quite nice post.
I used to be able to find good advice from your content.
Wow, superb weblog layout! How lengthy have you
ever been running a blog for? you made blogging look easy.
The overall look of your web site is great, let alone the content!
You can see similar: e-commerce and here
sklep internetowy
It’s very interesting! If you need help, look here: hitman agency
He’s getting directly involved in government funding, calling congressional l담양콜걸eaders down to the White House to negotiate in front of a crackling fire.
I like the valuable info you provide in your
articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here regularly.
I’m quite sure I will learn lots of new stuff right here!
Good luck for the next! I saw similar here: ecommerce and also here:
sklep internetowy
I was pretty pleased to discover this page. I want to to thank you for ones
time just for this wonderful read!! I definitely enjoyed every part of
it and i also have you bookmarked to look at new stuff on your blog.
These are truly great ideas in regarding blogging.
You have touched some fastidious factors here. Any way keep
up wrinting.
you are in reality a just right webmaster. The
site loading speed is incredible. It seems that you’re doing any distinctive trick.
Moreover, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve performed a wonderful process in this matter!
It’s really a cool and helpful piece of info. I am satisfied that you shared this
helpful info with us. Please stay us up to date like this.
Thanks for sharing.
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Many thanks, However I am experiencing issues with your
RSS. I don’t know the reason why I can’t subscribe to it.
Is there anybody else getting identical RSS issues?
Anybody who knows the solution will you kindly respond?
Thanx!!
When I originally commented I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every
time a comment is added I receive 4 emails with the
same comment. Perhaps there is a way you are
able to remove me from that service? Appreciate it!
This article will assist the internet viewers for building up new webpage or even a blog from start to end.
Excellent site. Lots of helpful information here. I’m sending it to a few buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious.
And obviously, thanks on your sweat! I saw similar
here: Sklep
Hi there, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar
one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam feedback?
If so how do you stop it, any plugin or anything you can suggest?
I get so much lately it’s driving me crazy so any assistance is very much appreciated.
Hello, I think your site might be having browser compatibility
issues. When I look at your blog in Opera, it looks fine but when opening
in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted
to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, very good blog!
Thanks for the marvelous posting! I certainly enjoyed reading
it, you might be a great author. I will make sure
to bookmark your blog and definitely will come back sometime soon. I want to encourage continue your great writing, have a nice
afternoon!
An intriguing discussion is worth comment. I believe that you should publish
more about this issue, it may not be a taboo subject
but usually folks don’t talk about such issues. To the next!
Best wishes!!
Ahaa, its fastidious discussion concerning this paragraph at this place at this webpage, I have read all that,
so now me also commenting at this place.
What’s up, just wanted to tell you, I loved this article.
It was inspiring. Keep on posting!
What’s Going down i am new to this, I stumbled upon this
I’ve found It absolutely helpful and it has helped me out
loads. I’m hoping to contribute & help different customers like its aided me.
Good job.
Hello There. I found your weblog the use of msn. This is a very smartly written article.
I will make sure to bookmark it and return to learn extra of your useful info.
Thanks for the post. I’ll certainly comeback.
Hello to all, the contents present at this web site are actually awesome
for people experience, well, keep up the nice work fellows.
This is a very good tip especially to those new to the blogosphere.
Simple but very accurate information… Thanks
for sharing this one. A must read post!
Wonderful, what a webpage it is! This webpage provides valuable facts to us, keep it up.
You have made some good points there. I checked on the internet to
find out more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this
website.
Hey! This is kind of off topic but I need some help from
an established blog. Is it very difficult to set up your own blog?
I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty quick.
I’m thinking about creating my own but I’m not sure where to start.
Do you have any tips or suggestions? Thank you
It is perfect time to make some plans for the future and it is time
to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you some interesting things or advice.
Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article.
I want to read even more things about it!
Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem with your site in web explorer, would check this?
IE nonetheless is the market leader and a big element of folks will
leave out your wonderful writing because of this problem.
My family members every time say that I am wasting my time here at web, except
I know I am getting know-how every day by reading
such nice articles.
Ahaa, its nice conversation on the topic of this piece of writing here at this webpage, I have read all that, so at this time me also commenting
at this place.
Hello, i believe that i noticed you visited my website
thus i came to go back the choose?.I am trying to to
find things to improve my web site!I assume its ok to use a few of your ideas!!
Why users still use to read news papers when in this technological globe everything is existing on net?
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article writer for
your blog. You have some really good articles and I feel I would be a good asset.
If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love to write some content for your blog in exchange for a link
back to mine. Please shoot me an email if interested.
Kudos!
Hello every one, here every person is sharing these kinds
of know-how, therefore it’s good to read this blog, and I
used to visit this blog daily.
I’m not sure where you are getting your information, but great topic.
I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more.
Thanks for great information I was looking for this information for
my mission.
Excellent post but I was wanting to know if you could write a litte more on this subject?
I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit further.
Many thanks!
Fabulous, what a website it is! This weblog presents helpful
facts to us, keep it up.
Ahaa, its pleasant dialogue on the topic of this paragraph at this place
at this website, I have read all that, so now me also commenting at this place.
Hello, just wanted to tell you, I enjoyed this blog post.
It was helpful. Keep on posting!
Why users still make use of to read news papers when in this technological
world everything is available on web?
Asking questions are really pleasant thing if you are not understanding something totally, however this piece of writing provides good understanding yet.
Greetings! This is my first visit to your blog!
We are a team of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche.
Your blog provided us useful information to work on. You have done a marvellous
job!
Today, I went to the beach front with my children.
I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said «You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.» She put the shell to her ear and screamed.
There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear.
She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is totally off topic but I had to tell someone!
It’s fantastic that you are getting thoughts
from this article as well as from our argument made at this place.
I am sure this paragraph has touched all the internet people,
its really really pleasant piece of writing on building up new webpage.
It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time
to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I want to
suggest you some interesting things or tips. Perhaps you could
write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read more
things about it!
This site was… how do I say it? Relevant!!
Finally I have found something which helped me. Thanks a lot!
Appreciating the time and energy you put into your site
and detailed information you provide. It’s good
to come across a blog every once in a while that
isn’t the same unwanted rehashed information. Wonderful read!
I’ve saved your site and I’m including your RSS feeds to my Google
account.
This is a very good tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere.
Brief but very accurate info… Many thanks for sharing this one.
A must read article!
I do trust all of the ideas you’ve offered for your post. They are really convincing and will certainly work.
Still, the posts are very brief for beginners. Could you please prolong them a little from next time?
Thanks for the post.
This is the right webpage for anyone who would
like to understand this topic. You understand a whole lot
its almost hard to argue with you (not that I really would want to…HaHa).
You certainly put a fresh spin on a topic which has been discussed for ages.
Great stuff, just wonderful!
Excellent post. Keep posting such kind of information on your blog.
Im really impressed by your site.
Hello there, You’ve done an excellent job. I will definitely
digg it and for my part recommend to my friends. I’m confident they’ll be benefited from
this web site.
Hello, i think that i saw you visited my blog thus i got here to return the prefer?.I
am trying to in finding things to enhance my site!I guess
its adequate to use some of your ideas!!
Hello, i think that i saw you visited my web site so i came to
“return the favor”.I am trying to find things to
enhance my web site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!
Hi friends, its great paragraph about tutoringand completely explained, keep it up all
the time.
It’s not my first time to go to see this web
site, i am visiting this web page dailly and get fastidious data from here all the time.
What a stuff of un-ambiguity and preserveness of valuable familiarity
about unexpected feelings.
What’s up, its good post about media print,
we all be familiar with media is a great source of information.
Hurrah, that’s what I was exploring for, what a material!
present here at this webpage, thanks admin of this web site.
Whats up this is somewhat of off topic but I was wanting to know if blogs use
WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML.
I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding skills so I wanted to get
advice from someone with experience. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Please let me know if you’re looking for a writer for your weblog.
You have some really good articles and I feel I would be a good asset.
If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d love to write
some articles for your blog in exchange for a link
back to mine. Please send me an e-mail if interested.
Thanks!
After I originally left a comment I appear to
have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time
a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment.
Is there an easy method you can remove me from that service?
Appreciate it!
fantastic publish, very informative. I wonder why the other specialists of this sector don’t
realize this. You must continue your writing. I’m sure, you’ve a great readers’ base already!
Remarkable! Its genuinely awesome post, I have got much clear idea concerning from this piece of
writing.
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having trouble
locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some
recommendations for your blog you might be interested in hearing.
Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it expand over time.
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I have really enjoyed surfing around your blog posts.
After all I will be subscribing to your rss feed
and I hope you write again soon!
Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is
a really well written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it
and return to read more of your useful information. Thanks
for the post. I’ll definitely return.
Excellent site you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any forums that cover the same topics discussed in this article?
I’d really love to be a part of online community where I can get opinions from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest.
If you have any suggestions, please let
me know. Bless you!
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post
was good. I do not know who you are but certainly you’re going to a
famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Hi my family member! I wish to say that this article
is amazing, nice written and come with approximately all vital infos.
I’d like to look extra posts like this .
fantastic publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the other experts
of this sector do not notice this. You must continue your writing.
I’m confident, you have a huge readers’ base already!
Incredible points. Solid arguments. Keep up the great effort.
When I originally commented I clicked the «Notify me when new comments are added» checkbox and now each time a comment is added I
get four e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you
can remove me from that service? Bless you!
What’s up to all, the contents present at this web page are genuinely remarkable for people knowledge,
well, keep up the nice work fellows.
Wow that was odd. I just wrote an very long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up.
Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say excellent blog!
Its such as you read my mind! You seem to understand so much approximately this, such as you wrote the ebook in it or something.
I think that you could do with some percent to force the message
house a little bit, but instead of that, this is great blog.
A great read. I’ll certainly be back.
Its not my first time to pay a visit this web page, i am visiting this web site dailly and obtain nice facts from here everyday.
Hello there, You have done a fantastic
job. I will definitely digg it and personally recommend to
my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this website.
Wonderful article! This is the kind of info that are supposed to be shared around the web.
Shame on Google for no longer positioning this put up upper!
Come on over and visit my site . Thank you =)
It’s amazing in support of me to have a web page, which
is beneficial in support of my know-how. thanks admin
Currently it sounds like WordPress is the top blogging platform out there right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?
Do you have a spam problem on this site; I also am a blogger, and I was
wondering your situation; we have created some nice methods and we are looking to trade techniques with others, be sure to shoot me an e-mail if interested.
Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading properly.
I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue.
I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same outcome.
Greate article. Keep writing such kind of info on your page.
Im really impressed by your blog.
Hi there, You have done an excellent job. I’ll certainly digg it
and in my view suggest to my friends. I am sure they’ll be benefited from this website.
I always spent my half an hour to read this web site’s content every day along with a mug of coffee.
Wow! This blog looks just like my old one! It’s on a
totally different topic but it has pretty much the same layout and
design. Superb choice of colors!
Hi! I’m at work browsing your blog from my new iphone!
Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your
posts! Carry on the outstanding work!
I was wondering if you ever thought of changing the structure of your blog?
Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you
could a little more in the way of content so people could
connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or two pictures.
Maybe you could space it out better?
I couldn’t refrain from commenting. Exceptionally well written!
Thanks to my father who shared with me concerning this web
site, this blog is truly awesome.
I go to see daily a few blogs and sites to read articles
or reviews, except this weblog gives feature based writing.
Hi, after reading this remarkable paragraph i am as well glad
to share my experience here with mates.
What’s up it’s me, I am also visiting this web
page on a regular basis, this website is really nice and the visitors are in fact
sharing fastidious thoughts.
If you desire to improve your knowledge just keep visiting this web page and be updated with the most up-to-date news
posted here.
Good day! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be okay.
I’m undoubtedly enjoying your blog and look forward to new posts.
Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the pictures on this blog loading?
I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog.
Any feed-back would be greatly appreciated.
Keep this going please, great job!
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that
I’ve really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. In any case I’ll be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again soon!
Hurrah, that’s what I was exploring for, what a information! existing
here at this blog, thanks admin of this website.
Having read this I believed it was rather enlightening.
I appreciate you spending some time and effort to
put this informative article together. I once again find myself personally
spending a significant amount of time both reading and commenting.
But so what, it was still worthwhile!
It’s very simple to find out any topic on net as compared to books, as I found this piece of writing at this site.
These are truly enormous ideas in about blogging. You have touched some pleasant things here.
Any way keep up wrinting.
My family always say that I am killing my time here at web, however I know I am getting familiarity daily by reading such
good articles or reviews.
These are genuinely impressive ideas in about blogging. You have touched some nice thingshere. Any way keep up wrinting.
Have you ever thought about including a little bit more
than just your articles? I mean, what you say is fundamental and everything.
However think about if you added some great graphics or videos to
give your posts more, «pop»! Your content is excellent but with pics
and clips, this website could undeniably be one of the greatest in its niche.
Great blog!
Hi there, I believe your site could be having browser compatibility issues.
When I take a look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening in IE, it’s got some overlapping issues.
I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Other than that, excellent site!
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great.
I don’t know who you are but certainly you’re
going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Undeniably believe that which you said. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the net the easiest thing to be aware of.
I say to you, I definitely get irked while people
consider worries that they plainly don’t know about.
You managed to hit the nail upon the top and also defined out the whole thing without having side-effects , people could take a signal.
Will likely be back to get more. Thanks
Good article. I certainly appreciate this site. Keep it up!
Thank you for the good writeup. It in reality used to be a
entertainment account it. Look advanced to more
added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we keep up a correspondence?
These are in fact fantastic ideas in on the topic of blogging.
You have touched some pleasant factors here. Any way keep
up wrinting.
When some one searches for his necessary thing, therefore he/she desires to be available that in detail, so
that thing is maintained over here.
https://mhpereezd.ru/
https://gruzchikov19.ru/
https://gruzchikinesti.ru/
https://gruzchikibol.ru/
https://gruzchikivagon.ru/
https://gruzchikistudent.ru/
https://gruzchikietazh.ru/
https://gruzchikikorob.ru/
It’s an awesome piece of writing for all the internet people; they will take advantage from it I am
sure.
My page; vpn coupon code 2024
https://gruzchikjob.ru/
When some one searches for his necessary thing, so he/she wishes to be available that in detail, so that thing
is maintained over here.
Here is my web-site :: vpn coupon code 2024
https://gruzchikivrn.ru
https://gruzchikivrn.ru/
Excellent beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your
website, how could i subscribe for a blog website?
The account helped me a acceptable deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of
this your broadcast provided bright clear idea
My page … vpn special code
https://diplom-sdan.ru/
Hello would you mind stating which blog platform you’re using?
I’m going to start my own blog soon but I’m having a hard time choosing between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
The reason I ask is because your design and style seems
different then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique.
P.S Sorry for being off-topic but I had to ask!
my website – vpn special coupon code 2024
https://diplomnash.ru/
https://kursovaya-student.ru/
https://breaking-bad-serial.online/
When some one searches for his required thing, therefore he/she desires to be available that in detail, so that thing is maintained over here.
Also visit my homepage vpn coupon code 2024
https://kursovaya-pishu.ru/
https://kvartiruise.ru/
https://kvartiruless.ru/
https://kvartirulyspb.ru/
лучшие отели сочи
https://kvartiruerspb.ru/
https://zhkstroyspb.ru/
https://zhkstroykaspb.ru/
https://kvartiruekb.ru/
When someone writes an paragraph he/she retains the idea of a user
in his/her mind that how a user can be aware of it. Therefore that’s why this
paragraph is perfect. Thanks!
Also visit my webpage – vpn special
https://zhknoviydom.ru/
https://noviydomstroika.ru/
https://reshaitzadachi.ru/
https://t.me/s/SecureIyContactingClAbot
https://t.me/SecureIyContactingClAbot
http://womangu.ru
Услуга по сносу старых домов и вывозу мусора в Москве и Московской области. Мы предоставляем услуги по сносу старых зданий и удалению мусора на территории Москвы и Подмосковья. Услуга разобрать дом в московской области выполняется опытными специалистами в течение 24 часов после оформления заказа. Перед началом работ наш эксперт бесплатно приезжает на объект для оценки объёма работ и консультации. Чтобы получить дополнительную информацию и рассчитать стоимость услуг, свяжитесь с нами по телефону или оставьте заявку на сайте компании.
Услуга по сносу старых домов и вывозу мусора в Москве и Московской области. Мы предоставляем услуги по сносу старых зданий и удалению мусора на территории Москвы и Подмосковья. Услуга http://demontazh-doma-msk5.ru выполняется опытными специалистами в течение 24 часов после оформления заказа. Перед началом работ наш эксперт бесплатно приезжает на объект для оценки объёма работ и консультации. Чтобы получить дополнительную информацию и рассчитать стоимость услуг, свяжитесь с нами по телефону или оставьте заявку на сайте компании.
Услуга по сносу старых зданий и утилизации отходов в Москве и Московской области. Мы предоставляем услуги по сносу старых сооружений и удалению мусора на территории Москвы и Московской области. Услуга http://demontazh-doma-msk8.ru выполняется квалифицированными специалистами в течение 24 часов после оформления заказа. Перед началом работ наш эксперт бесплатно посещает объект для определения объёма работ и предоставления консультаций. Чтобы получить дополнительную информацию и рассчитать стоимость услуг, свяжитесь с нами по телефону или оставьте заявку на сайте компании.
Услуга по сносу старых зданий и утилизации отходов в Москве и Московской области. Мы предоставляем услуги по сносу старых сооружений и удалению мусора на территории Москвы и Московской области. Услуга демонтаж ленточного фундамента выполняется квалифицированными специалистами в течение 24 часов после оформления заказа. Перед началом работ наш эксперт бесплатно посещает объект для определения объёма работ и предоставления консультаций. Чтобы получить дополнительную информацию и рассчитать стоимость услуг, свяжитесь с нами по телефону или оставьте заявку на сайте компании.
https://kursovuyupishem.ru/
PBN sites
We shall generate a structure of PBN sites!
Pros of our PBN network:
WE DO everything so Google doesn’t understand that THIS IS A PBN network!!!
1- We obtain domain names from various registrars
2- The primary site is hosted on a VPS server (Virtual Private Server is high-speed hosting)
3- Additional sites are on different hostings
4- We assign a distinct Google account to each site with verification in Search Console.
5- We design websites on WordPress, we do not utilize plugins with the help of which malware penetrate and through which pages on your websites are established.
6- We never repeat templates and use only exclusive text and pictures
We never work with website design; the client, if wished, can then edit the websites to suit his wishes