El porcentaje de pureza es la cantidad de sustancia pura que se encuentra en 100 gramos de una muestra determinada.
El porcentaje de pureza se halla mediante la siguiente ecuación matemática:
Por ejemplo, para calcular los gramos puros de 90 gramos de yoduro de sodio al 25% de pureza, se debe hacer la siguiente relación:
90 g de NaI → 100%
X → 25%
X = 22,5 gramos puros de NaI
Significa que 22,5 gramos corresponde a NaI puro, siendo el restante (67,5g)
- ¿Cuántos gramos de KCl se pueden obtener por la descomposición térmica de 80 gramos de KClO3 al 70% de pureza? Según la siguiente reacción química:
2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2
Pasos:
- Se calcula los gramos puros de KClO3:
80 g de KClO3 → 100%
X → 70%
X = 56 gramos puros de KClO3
- Se halla las masa moleculares de KClO3 y KCl:
KCl: 74,45 g/mol
KClO3: 122,45 g/mol
- Determinar los moles de KClO3 a partir de los gramos puros:
1 mol → 122,45 g
X → 56 g
X= 0,46 mol de KClO3
- Se realiza los cálculos estequiométricos para hallar los gramos de KCl:
2 mol KClO3 → 2 mol KCl
0,46 mol de KClO3 → X
X = 0,46 mol de KCl
- Finalmente se calcula los gramos de KCl
Gramos KCl = mol KCl x masa molecular de KCl
Gramos de KCl = 0,46 mol x 74,45 g/mol
Gramos KCl = 34,25 gramos
buena explicación, simple y fácil de entender
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