El director general de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, ha declarado este miércoles 11 de marzo que el coronavirus Covid-19 pasa de ser una epidemia a una pandemia.
Por tal razón, muchos países han tomado las medidas necesarias para evitar la propagación de un virus que es altamente contagioso. En Química en casa, estamos comprometidos con nuestro lectores, de llevarles la información veraz sobre el tema, para sí evitar caer en pánico y zozobra.
Los coronavirus son una extensa familia de virus que pueden causar enfermedades tanto en animales como en humanos. En los humanos, se sabe que varios coronavirus causan infecciones respiratorias que pueden ir desde el resfriado común hasta enfermedades más graves como el síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS) y el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SRAS). El coronavirus que se ha descubierto más recientemente causa la enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19.
La COVID-19 es la enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus que se ha descubierto más recientemente. Tanto el nuevo virus como la enfermedad eran desconocidos antes de que estallara el brote en Wuhan (China) en diciembre de 2019.
Mitos y verdades.
MITO 1. Algunos países ya tienen la cura para el COVID-19.
Verdad: Todavía NO. Hasta la fecha, no hay ninguna vacuna ni medicamento antiviral específico para prevenir o tratar la COVID-2019. Se están investigando posibles vacunas y distintos tratamientos farmacológicos específicos. Hay ensayos clínicos en curso para ponerlos a prueba. La OMS está coordinando los esfuerzos dirigidos a desarrollar vacunas y medicamentos para prevenir y tratar la COVID-19.
MITO 2. El virus no soporta temperaturas superiores a los 26 °C.
VERDAD: NO hay ninguna evidencia científica que respalde esta información. De hecho, desde los Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (dependientes del Departamento de Salud de Estados Unidos) afirman que “aún se desconoce si el tiempo y la temperatura afectarán la propagación del Covid-19”.
MITO 3. Todos los antibacteriales son efectivos contra el COVID-19.
VERDAD: NO, solo los que poseen más del 60% de alcohol. Lee la etiqueta del producto. Otra opción es agregar alcohol en un atomizador y utilizarlo para desinfectar las manos o superficies, cuando no se dispone de jabón y agua.
MITO 4. El uso de guantes es obligatorio.
VERDAD: NO, los guantes deben ser utilizados por los profesionales de la salud.
MITO 5. Es obligatorio el uso de mascarillas aunque no esté infectado.
NO, si no se presentan los síntomas respiratorios característicos de la COVID-19 (sobre todo, tos) o no se cuida de una persona que pueda haber contraído esta enfermedad, no es necesario llevar puesta una mascarilla clínica.
MITO 6. El COVID-19 se trata con antibióticos.
VERDAD: NO, los antibióticos no son eficaces contra los virus, solo contra las infecciones bacterianas. La COVID-19 está causada por un virus, de modo que los antibióticos no sirven frente a ella.
MITO 7. Las mascotas nos pueden infectar de COVID-19
VERDAD: Aunque ha habido un caso de un perro infectado en Hong Kong, hasta la fecha NO hay pruebas de que un perro, un gato o cualquier mascota puedan transmitir la COVID-19.
MITO 8. El virus es altamente mortal.
VERDAD: NO, los síntomas de la COVID-19 son leves, sobre todo en los niños y los adultos jóvenes, aunque pueden ser graves y obligan a hospitalizar a alrededor de uno de cada cinco infectados.
Todavía hay mucho por aprender sobre la forma en que la COVID-2019 afecta a los humanos, pero parece que las personas mayores y las que padecen afecciones médicas preexistentes (como hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiacas o diabetes) desarrollan casos graves de la enfermedad con más frecuencia que otras.
FUENTES:
- OMS https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/q-a-coronaviruses
- Redacción médica https://www.redaccionmedica.com/secciones/sanidad-hoy/coronavirus-pandemia-brote-de-covid-19-nivel-mundial-segun-oms-1895
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