Las lágrimas son una sustancia procedente de un proceso metabólico llamado lacrimación, con la finalidad de lubricar y limpiar el ojo. Dicho proceso se puede llevar a cabo por múltiples razones, ya sea para lubricar y proteger la cornea, para desechar sustancias irritantes, limpiar los ojos, liberar emociones, entre otras funciones.
Las glándulas lacrimales son las encargadas de la producción de lágrimas, que durante su desplazamiento, se moviliza hasta el ángulo interno del ojo y luego llega hasta el conducto lacrimal y finalmente llega a la nariz.
Las lágrimas presentan una composición química que se puede dividir en cuatro secciones:
1.- Una parte de proteínas como la lactoferrina, lipocalina, mucina, entre otros. Las lágrimas emocionales poseen mayor cantidad de proteínas que las lágrimas protectoras.
2.- Otra porción formada mayormente por agua. Esta parte acuosa es mayor en las lágrimas protectoras.
3.- Una porción formada por lípidos, como los ácidos grasos que expulsan las glándulas del párpado y tienen como fin que las lágrimas no se evaporen.
4.- Las lágrimas también están formadas por enzimas como la lisozima; igualmente de sodio, potasio, glucosa y urea. Asimismo, las lágrimas emocionales poseen hormonas como la adrenocorticotropina y la prolactina.
FUENTE:
- https://masquemedicos.com/
- https://www.ceac.es/
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