Los gases ideales son gases teóricos formados por una serie de partículas precisas y exactas con desplazamiento aleatorio que no interactúan entre sí.
Estos gases no presentan atracción intermolecular lo que permite explicar dicho comportamiento de manera fija mediante las leyes de los gases ideales: Charles, Gay-Lussac y Boyle.
Por su parte, los gases reales presentan un comportamiento más complejo ya que estos sí experimentan interacciones, debido a los cambios de estado que muestran. No obstante, los gases reales pueden presentar un comportamiento ideal cuando son sometidos a condiciones normales de presión (1 atm) y temperatura (273 K).
Ecuación de estado
La ecuación de estado de un gas ideal está establecida bajo una suposición o hipótesis de que las interacciones entre las moléculas de un gas a densidad muy baja son despreciables. Asimismo, en estas condiciones, las moléculas que forman el gas se consideran partículas puntuales. Las leyes de los gases señala que un gas ideal, siempre se encuentran en estado gaseoso.
La ecuación de estado es la siguiente:
P.V = n.R.T
Donde:
P: Presión en atmósfera o mmHg.
V : Volumen en litros
n: número de mol
T: temperatura absoluta (K)
R: constante universal de los gases
El valor de R más utilizado es el 0,082 atm.L/mol.K. Este valor surge al considerar que 1 mol de cualquier gas ideal y en condiciones normales de temperatura y presión, es decir a una atmósfera y 273 K, ocupa un volumen de 22,413 litros. Por lo tanto si se despeja R en la ecuación de estado queda:
R = P.V / n.T
Si sustituimos queda:
R = 1 atm x 22,413 L / 1 mol x 273 K
R = 0,082 atm.L/mol.K
Características de un gas ideal
Un gas ideal es un modelo matemático útil para representar cómo se comportan los gases reales en ciertas situaciones, como casi todo modelo se basa en excluir algunos obstáculos que puedan dificultar su estudio.
Entonces se considera un gas ideal o hipotético si:
- Está formado por partículas puntuales sin efectos electromagnéticos.
- Las colisiones entre las moléculas y entre las moléculas y las paredes es de tipo elástica, o sea, se conserva el momento y la energía cinética.
- La energía cinética es directamente proporcional a la temperatura.
- Los gases se aproximan a un gas ideal cuando son un gas mono atómico, está a presión y temperatura ambiente.
Ejemplo
- Determine a qué temperatura en ºC se encuentra 10,5 gramos de oxígeno si la presión es de 650 mmHg y ocupa un volumen de 2400 ml.
Datos.
T = ? (ºC)
gramos = 10,5 g O2
P = 650 mmHg
V = 2400 ml
- Primeramente se debe transformar los gramos en mol, el volumen de ml a litros y la presión de mmHg a atm.
Transformación de los gramos de O2 a mol
Se debe hallar la masa molar del O2, el cual es: 2x 16 = 32 g/mol
Entonces se dice que:
1 mol ———— 32 g
X————— 10,5 g
X =0,33 mol de O2
Transformación de ml a litros
1 L ———- 1000 ml
X———— 2400 ml
X = 2,4 Litros
Transformación de mmHg a atm
1 atm ———– 760 mmHg
X —————- 650 mmHg
X = 0,86 atm
- Ahora se debe despejar la ecuación de estado para calcular la temperatura:
P.V = n.R.T
T = P.V / n.R
- Seguidamente se sustituye la fórmula:
T = 0,86 atm x 2,4 L /0,33 mol x 0,082 atm.L/mol.K
T = 2,064 ÷ 0,0271
T = 76,16 K
- Finalmente se transformar la temperatura absoluta (K) a ªC, restando 273:
ºC = K – 273
ºC = 76,16 – 273
ºC = – 196, 84 ºC
Excelente trabajo, es justo lo que estaba buscando.
Pingback: Propiedades Coligativas: Presión Osmótica - Química en casa.com
İzmir Travesti Reklam Portalı
İzmir Travesti sayfası. Bu sayfada şehir’deki en elit trans
bireylere ulaşabilir, fotoğraf, video ve iletişim bilgilerine sahip olabilirsiniz.
izmir travesti İzmir Travesti Reklam Platformu
en güzel izmir travesti kızlarına ulaş.
I really liked your blog. Fantastic.
Really appreciate you sharing this blog article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
I really enjoy the article post.Really thank you!
Hey, thanks for the blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
Thank you for your article.Really thank you! Great.
I really like and appreciate your post. Great.
Muchos Gracias for your post.Much thanks again.
I think this is a real great article post. Cool.
Very neat blog post. Fantastic.
Thank you ever so for you blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog.Thanks Again. Cool.
I really like and appreciate your article.Really thank you! Will read on…
This is one awesome article post. Really Cool.
A big thank you for your blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
Awesome article post.Much thanks again. Want more.
I am so grateful for your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Wow, fantastic blog layout! How lengthy have you ever been running a blog for?
you made blogging glance easy. The total glance of your site is wonderful,
let alone the content material! You can see similar: Crystallon.top and here https://crystallon.top
Hey, thanks for the blog. Will read on…
Wow, marvelous blog structure! How lengthy have you ever been running a blog for?
you make running a blog look easy. The full look of your site is
fantastic, as neatly as the content material! You can see similar:
sklep online and here najlepszy sklep
Sumatra Slim Belly Tonic takes pride in its manufacturing process, ensuring that every batch is produced in FDA-approved and GMP-certified facilities. This means that each and every bottle of Sumatra Slim Belly Tonic meets the highest standards of quality and safety. You can trust that you are getting a product that has undergone strict quality control measures and is backed by scientific research.
Incredible quest there. What occurred after?
Take care! I saw similar here: sklep internetowy and also here: najlepszy sklep
The other day, while I was at work, my sister stole
my apple ipad and tested to see if it can survive a thirty
foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now broken and she has 83 views.
I know this is entirely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
I saw similar here: e-commerce and also here: ecommerce
Hey! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a collection of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche.
Your blog provided us beneficial information to work on. You have
done a extraordinary job!!
Excellent write-up
Thanks so much for the blog. Really Cool.
Major thankies for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Enjoyed every bit of your blog post.Really thank you!
It’s very interesting! If you need help, look here: hitman agency
He’s spitballing about the Middle East during a stop for ice cream in 보령콜걸New York and cracking jokes at Donald Trump’s expense on late-night television.
I truly appreciate this post.Really thank you! Cool.
Very good article post. Really Cool.
Awesome blog article.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Thank you for your article.Thanks Again. Want more.
I loved your article post.Thanks Again. Want more.
It is in point of fact a great and helpful piece of info. I am satisfied
that you shared this helpful information with us.
Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
I saw similar here: ecommerce and also here:
e-commerce
This is one awesome blog.Really thank you!
Very neat blog.Thanks Again. Great.
I really enjoy the article.Really thank you! Awesome.
I am so grateful for your blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Really appreciate you sharing this article.Really thank you!
Hey, thanks for the article post.Really thank you! Awesome.
A round of applause for your post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
I appreciate you sharing this post.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Great blog.Much thanks again.
Hey, thanks for the blog post.Much thanks again. Want more.
A round of applause for your blog post.Really thank you!
I loved your post.Much thanks again. Really Great.
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here.
The sketch is tasteful, your authored material stylish.
nonetheless, you command get bought an shakiness over that you wish be delivering the following.
unwell unquestionably come more formerly again as exactly the same nearly very often inside case you
shield this hike. I saw similar here: E-commerce
Really informative article. Awesome.
I really liked your blog post. Great.
I really liked your blog article. Cool.
I wanted to thank you for this very good read!! I absolutely enjoyed every little bit of it.
I have you bookmarked to look at new stuff you post…
I saw similar here: Sklep internetowy
Fantastic article post.Thanks Again. Awesome.
Thank you for your article post.Really thank you! Great.
Thanks a lot for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Great article.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Very neat blog.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
I think this is a real great post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
A round of applause for your blog article. Want more.
I loved your post.Much thanks again. Will read on…
I really liked your article post. Want more.
Fantastic article. Will read on…
Really enjoyed this post.Much thanks again. Really Great.
I truly appreciate this article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Fantastic article post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
Major thankies for the article.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog article. Really Great.
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog article.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
Thank you, I’ve just been looking for information about this subject for ages and yours is the greatest I’ve discovered till now. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
I cannot thank you enough for the blog.Really thank you! Keep writing.
What’s up Dear, are you truly visiting this web site on a
regular basis, if so after that you will
absolutely obtain nice knowledge.
Here is my webpage vpn coupon 2024
With havin so much written content do you ever
run into any problems of plagorism or copyright violation? My site has
a lot of exclusive content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it looks like a lot of it is popping it up all over the web without
my agreement. Do you know any solutions to help protect against content
from being ripped off? I’d definitely appreciate
it.
Here is my webpage; vpn special coupon code 2024
Generally I do not read post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very compelled me to take a look at and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, quite great post.
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be really something which I
think I would never understand. It seems too complex and very broad
for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I’ll try
to get the hang of it!
My page vpn coupon code 2024
What Is Puravive? The Puravive weight loss aid is formulated using eight clinically proven natural ingredients.
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your weblog
and in accession capital to claim that I get actually enjoyed account your blog posts.
Anyway I will be subscribing in your augment and even I success you access
consistently quickly.
my page; vpn special coupon
Currently it seems like BlogEngine is the best blogging platform available right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?
My brother recommended I may like this web site. He was once totally right. This post truly made my day. You can not imagine just how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!
I do consider all of the ideas you’ve offered in your post. They are very convincing and will certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are very brief for beginners. May just you please prolong them a bit from next time? Thank you for the post.