El ácido fluorhídrico puede disolver el vidrio, pero es considerado un ácido débil

El ácido fluorhídrico puede disolver el vidrio, pero es considerado un ácido débil

Una característica principal de los ácidos débiles es que no se disocian completamente en una disolución acuosa. Este tipo de ácidos aporta iones hidrógenos positivos al medio, igualmente de poseer la capacidad de aceptarlos.

acido_fluorhidrico

En una disolución acuosa, el ácido fluorhídrico (HF) estará sin disociar, entre tanto el resto del ácido se disociará en iones hidrógenos positivos (H+) y el anión flúor (F), creando un equilibrio ácido-base que se puede observar en la siguiente ecuación química:

HF ⇌ H++F

De todos los ácidos halogenados el ácido fluorhídrico es el más débil, este hecho se puede explicar mediante el análisis de los siguientes factores:

La fuerza de enlace del ácido fluorhídrico es sumamente mayor que los enlaces que forman los ácidos de sus respectivos compañeros de grupo, lo cual indica que el enlace H-F es más difícil de romper que los enlaces H-Cl, H-Br y H-I.

enlace ácido fluorhídrico

El orden de la fuerza de enlace de los ácidos halogenados, es el siguiente:

HF > HCl > HBr > HI

 

Tamaño del ion flúor

El ion pequeño de gran carga que presenta el flúor, que se origina cuando se ioniza el ácido fluorhídrico, permite que acreciente el ordenamiento de las moléculas de agua. Este aumento es perjudicial en el proceso de ionización.

Flúor
átomo de flúor

 

5 Comments

  1. andrew

    hola estoy iniciando a trabajar el grabado de vidrio en alto y bajo relieve con ácido Fluorhídrico (HF) en conjunto con sulfato de amonio y agua, en donde los resultados son excelentes, 1. pero deseo dejarlo como pasta para mayor control del mismo y evitar accidentes perjudiciales y 2. que se aplica despues de el trabajo generado a parte de agua normal para quitarlo del vidrio pero deseo que no quede nada en absoluto de acido fluorhídrico en el vidrio ps trabajo con vasos y no se si llegue a quedar algo de residuos y al tomar el vaso a futuro para la persona que coloca su boca y un liquido a tomar le pueda afectar su salud?
    Gracias

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